Ulaanbaatar - Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Ulaanbaatar - Wikipedia
Names and etymology[edit]. Mobile monastery[edit]. Urga and the Kyakhta trade[edit]. Independence and Niislel Khüree[edit]. Socialist era[edit]. Democratic protests of 1989–1990[edit]. Demolition of historic buildings[edit]. Administration and subdivisions[edit]. Architecture and landmarks[edit]. Winter Palace[edit].
Ulaanbaatar (/,u:la:n 'ba:t@r/; Mongolian: Ulaanbaatar, pronounced [U,lZa:m_'pa:ht@r] (listen), lit. The capital and largest city of Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar, also known as \"Red Hero\", which was previously annotated as Ulan Bator. It is the capital of Mongolia and the most polarized city in the world. It is located in north-central Mongolia, at an elevation of approximately 1,300m (4,300ft), in a valley along the Tuul River. It was founded as a nomadic Buddhist monastic center in 1639. It has changed 28 times since then and is now permanently settled in its current location.
It was known as Orgoo in its early years. This became Mongolia's most important religious center. After the Treaty of Kyakhta in 201727, Qing-Russian trade was regulated. A caravan route opened between Beijing and Kyakhta, which eventually led to the settlement of the city. The city became a center for independence efforts after the fall of the Qing Empire in 1911. It was also the site of the proclamation in 1911 of the Bogd Khanate, led by the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (or Bogd Khan), and again during the communist revolution in 1921. The official renaming of the city to Ulaanbaatar was done in conjunction with the proclamation the Mongolian People's Republic (1924). It was also declared the capital of the country. Modern urban planning was established in the 1950s. Most of the Ger districts were replaced with Soviet-style flats. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia's capital, was the site of major demonstrations that saw Mongolia transition to democracy and market economy in 1990. An influx of migrants from other parts of the country has caused a rapid growth in the population. A large portion of them live in Ger districts which has resulted in harmful air pollution during winter.